How can I learn more about computers?

This document is for anyone interested in learning more about their computer and how it works. Here you will find all related documents throughout Computer Hope that can teach you everything you want to know about your computer.

Computer Overview

Understanding each of the major hardware components that make up a computer is always a good first step in learning more about computers. To learn more about each of the components in the computer, its connections, as well as a full explanation of each of the internal parts of a computer, see our computer definition.

15 computer topics

1. Transistors - The computer contains millions of transistors, which are used to create machine language using logic gatesthat turn on and off the circuits.
2. Machine language - All computers and electronic devices communicate in binary, which is a series of 0's and 1's or Off and On electrical signals. All software written on your computer is created in a high-level programming languagethat humans can understand. When complete, the program is compiled into the machine language that computers understand.
3. ASCII codes - Each binary 0 or 1 is considered a bit and each number, letter, or other character is made up of eight bits (one byte). A common method for storing and editing text is done with ASCII codes, which is one byte of binary. For example, the lowercase letter "a" has a ASCII code decimal value of 97, which is 01100001 in binary.
4. Motherboard - The Motherboard is the largest circuit board in the computer that holds and connects everything together. Without the motherboard, components like your processor and memory couldn not communicate with each other.
5. Processor - The processor, or CPU, is the brain of the computer and is where all instructions given to the computer are handled.
6. Computer memory - Not to be confused with disk storage, the computer memory(RAM) is volatile memory and is used to store currently running applications. When the computer is turned off, all data in the memory is lost.
7. Computer disk storage - A non-volatile type of memory, hard drive storage is what stores your information even when the computer is turned off. Disk storage is what stores all your personal files, documents, songs, photos, etc.
8. ROM - Another type of memory, read-only memory (ROM) is a memory chip that has data which can only be read. Most computers today have a programmable read-only memory (PROM), which is still read-only, but can be re-programmed if needed through a firmware update.
9. Memory capacity - All memory and storage has a total capacity, which is written using abbreviations such as KB, MB, GB, and TB. See the full overview of all computer capacities for a complete understanding of all values.
10. Input/Output - A computer works with a human by inputting data using an input device such as a keyboard, having the processor process that data, and then displaying the output on an output device such as a monitor. The printer is also another output device and is what allows you to get a hard copy of documents and pictures stored on the computer.
11. Expansion cards - An expansion card is a card that can be added to the computer to give it additional capabilities. A video card, modem, network card, and sound cardare all examples of expansion cards. However, many computers may also have on-board devices, such as a sound card and network card that are built onto the motherboard. For a laptop computer, additional cards are added into the PC Cardslot.
12. Software and Hardware - Software is instructions and code installed into the computer, like the Internet browser you're using to view this page. Hardware is a physical device you can touch, like the monitor you're using to display this page. See the differences between computer hardware and software for more information.
13. Programming - All software running on the computer has been created using aprogramming language by a computer programmer.
14. Operating system - Every computer must have an operating system in order to allow the software to communicate with the hardware. For example, most IBM compatible computers run the Microsoft Windows operating system and have the option to run alternative operating systems, such as a Linux variant. Apple computers only run MacOS.
15. Network - Computers communicate with other computers over a network using anetwork interface card (NIC). There are two primary types of networks: a local area network (LAN) and a wide area network (WAN). The Internet is also considered a network, which uses the TCP/IP protocol.